FROM ORBITS TO THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE - essay
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SPACE, RELATIVITY AND THE QUANTUM UNIVERSE FROM ORBITS TO THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE Einstein, Friedmann, quantum theory, the Solar System, the Milky Way and the great breakthroughs of twentieth-century space science A project essay with mathematical explanations Central idea Modern space science grew when mathematical laws, precision instruments and daring observations began testing one another. Newton described motion under gravity; Einstein changed gravity into spacetime geometry; Friedmann allowed that geometry to expand; quantum physics explained matter and light; telescopes turned the equations into measurable history. Prepared as a self-contained study report Project essay | Core history: 1500–2000 | Modern extensions: Higgs, Webb and Envisat SPACE, RELATIVITY AND THE QUANTUM UNIVERSE Contents and study questions How did astronomy change from the Sun-centered model of the 1500s to physical cosmology in the 1900s? What do the central equations of orbital motion, relativity, cosmo...