Stellarium App Ubuntussa!!
Ilmainen App! Erittäin laadukas kokemus. En olisi uskonut, että avaruuden tutkiminen on näin kaikkien ulottuvilla ja satelliit yms. liikkuvat real time ajassa! Tässä alhaalla muutama mielenkiintoinen kuva!
Stellarium ei ole fyysinen sijainti, vaan ilmainen avoimen lähdekoodin tähtikarttaohjelma tietokoneelle, joka näyttää tähtitaivaan ja avaruuskohteet reaaliajassa. Ohjelma simuloi tähtitaivasta paikkasi, ajan ja päivämäärän perusteella, esittäen tähdet, tähtikuviot, planeetat ja muut avaruuden kohteet.Lisätietoja Stellariumista:
Sen avulla voi tutkia ja oppia tähtitaivaasta, etsiä kohteita ja ymmärtää avaruuden rakenteita.
Stellarium on tarkoitettu tietokoneille, ja se on ladattavissa sen virallisilta verkkosivuilta tai muista ohjelmistolähteistä.
Ohjelma on ilmainen ja avointa lähdekoodia, mikä tarkoittaa, että sen käyttö ja kehitys ovat vapaasti saatavilla.
Päivänvalossa ei näy juuri mitään
Seuraavissa Kuutamo kuvissa näkyy tusinoittain starlink satelliitteja ja muita satelliitteja!!
Starlink on SpaceX-yhtiön kehittämä satelliittiverkko, joka tarjoaa nopeaa ja matalaviiveistä internet-yhteyttä kaikkialle maailmaan, erityisesti syrjäisille ja maaseutualueille. Järjestelmä koostuu sadoista tuhansista matalalla Maan kiertoradalla olevista satelliiteista, jotka muodostavat globaalin konstellation. Palveluun kuuluu antenni ja reititin, jotka asennetaan itse, mahdollistaen yhteyden muodostamisen nopeasti.
Jokainen Starlink-satelliitti on joutunut tekemään keskimäärin noin kaksi väistöliikettä kuukaudessa. Satelliittien lisääntyessä ongelmat tulevat vain kasvamaan.
SpaceX-yhtiö on tähän mennessä laukaissut vasta noin kolmasosan suunnittelemistaan 12 000:sta ensimmäisen vaiheen Starlink-satelliitista.
Kaiken kaikkiaan maapallon kiertoradalla on tällä hetkellä reilu 8 000 toimivaa satelliittia, joten edessä oleva lisäys on valtava.
Ensimmäinen vaihe on kuitenkin vasta alku, ja yhtiön satelliittien lukumäärä saattaa kasvaa jopa 30 000 kappaleeseen. Lisäksi esimerkiksi Amazon-yhtiö ja Kiina aikovat rakentaa omat, tuhansista yksiköistä koostuvat satelliittiparvensa.
Miten se toimii?Satelliittikonstellaatio:
SpaceX on laukaissut tuhansia Starlink-satelliitteja matalille Maan kiertoradoille.
Matalat kiertoradat:
Satelliitit kiertävät Maata 500 kilometrin korkeudella tarjoten nopean yhteyden.
Maanpäällinen laitteisto:
Käyttäjä tarvitsee oman Starlink-laitteiston, johon kuuluu antenni ja reititin.
Asennus:
Laite on suunniteltu helppoon itseasennukseen ja muodostaa yhteyden muutamassa minuutissa.
Käyttökohteet ja edut:
Globaali peitto: Starlink pyrkii tarjoamaan internet-yhteyden alueille, joilla perinteiset verkot eivät ole saatavilla.
Korkea nopeus: Palvelu mahdollistaa elokuvien striimaamisen, videopuhelut ja verkkopelit.
Matala viive: Satelliittiverkko tarjoaa matalaviiveisen yhteyden, mikä on tärkeää esimerkiksi videoneuvotteluissa.
Muita tietoja:
Kehittäjä:
Starlinkin on kehittänyt SpaceX, Elon Muskin yksityinen avaruuslennon yhtiö.
Laajeneminen:
Tulevaisuudessa satelliittien määrä on tarkoitus kasvattaa kymmeniksi tuhansiksi, ja palvelu laajenee maailmanlaajuisesti.
Vaikutus:
Starlink on ollut ratkaisevan tärkeä useissa konflikteissa ja on laajentanut internetin saatavuutta.
ZOOMATAAN LÄHEMMÄS!!
*Elokuvassa Men in Black Orionin vyö on juonellinen viittaus, jossa kuvaillaan kuvitteellista galaksia, joka on piilotettuna kolmesta tähdestä koostuvan Orionin vyön alueelle. Todellisuudessa galaksi ei sijaitse Orionin vyössä, vaan sen löytää agentti J, kun hän tajuaa, että galaksi on piilotettuna hänen kissansa kaulapantaan.
#envisat #satellite trails found. ESA lost connection on this very expensive satellite.....Envisat was the European Space Agency's (ESA) largest Earth observation satellite, operational from March 2002 until contact was lost in April 2012. Launched to study Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice, the eight-tonne spacecraft provided critical data for climate change research and environmental monitoring, with its 10 instruments including a synthetic aperture radar and atmospheric sensors. Mission Overview
Purpose: To monitor the entire Earth system—atmosphere, land, ice, and oceans—and provide data for scientific research on climate change.
Launch: March 1, 2002, from French Guiana on an Ariane-5 rocket.
Duration: The mission lasted for 10 years, completing more than 50,000 orbits.
End of Mission: Contact was unexpectedly lost on April 8, 2012, with the mission formally declared over on May 9, 2012.
Legacy: The archived data from the 10-year mission continues to be used for scientific study.
The Zarya module (Functional Cargo Block) was the first component launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on November 20, 1998. Russian-built but U.S.-funded, Zarya means "Sunrise" and provided initial power, propulsion, and orientation control for the nascent station. It was launched on a Russian Proton rocket and later attached to the Unity (Node 1) module by the Space Shuttle Endeavour, establishing the station's foundation.
ISS:n Nauka-moduuli (eli «Monikäyttöinen laboratorio-osa») on miehittämätön venäläinen moduuli, joka laukaistiin avaruuteen 21. heinäkuuta 2021 Baikonurin kosmodromilta Kazakstanista ja se telakoitui Kansainväliselle avaruusasemalle (ISS) pian sen jälkeen. Nauka toimii tieteellisenä laboratorio-osana, telakointiporttina, ja se laajentaa ISS:n venäläisen osan toiminnallisuutta lisäämällä muun muassa tiloja, ilmapainekammion avaruuskävelyitä varten ja toisen wc:n.
Nauka-moduulin tarkoitukset ja ominaisuudet:
Laboratorio: Se tarjoaa uusia tutkimusmahdollisuuksia avaruudessa.
Telakointiportti: Se toimii telakointipaikkana tulevaisuuden avaruusaluksille.
Avaruuskävelyiden ilmastointi: Se sisältää ilmapainekammion, joka on välttämätön avaruuskävelyitä varten.
Laajennetut tilat: Moduuli sisältää lisätiloja, elintilaa yhdelle venäläiselle astronautille ja toisen wc:n, mikä parantaa miehistön mukavuutta ja toimintakykyä.
Elinolosuhteiden parantaminen: Se sisältää lisäkapasiteettia hapentuotantoon ja virtsan kierrätykseen.
Lyhyt historia:
Laukaisu: Nauka laukaistiin 21. heinäkuuta 2021 Baikonurista.
Telakointi: Se liittyi ISS:ään 29. heinäkuuta 2021.
Varoittava tapahtuma: Telakoinnin jälkeen Nauka-moduulin moottorit käynnistyivät odottamatta, mikä aiheutti ISS:n pyörimisen ja johti lähes aseman tuhoon.
SwissCube-1 is a Swiss satellite operated by École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). The spacecraft is a single unit CubeSat, which was designed to conduct research into nightglow within the Earth's atmosphere, and to develop technology for future spacecraft. It has also been used for amateur radio. It was the first Swiss satellite to be launched.
Chinasat on kiinalaisen China Satellite Communication Corporationin (ChinaSatcom) operoima tietoliikennesatelliitti. Yhtiöllä on vuonna 2007 käytössään kymmenen satelliittia.
Zhongxing 6B (ZX 6B) eli Chinasat 6B laukaistiin heinäkuun alussa 2007 Kiinasta. Satelliitti on ranskalaisen Alcatel Alenia Space -yhtiön rakentama ja on nk. Spacebus-4000C2-satelliitti. Sen pääasiallinen tehtävä on televisio-ohjelmien välitys Kiinaan 38:lla C-kaistan lähettimellä. Se painaa 4600 kg ja tuottaa 8,7 W sähkötehoa. Sen paikka on 115,5 astetta itäistä pituutta GEO-radalla. Käyttöikä on 15 vuotta. Laukaisu tehtiin Pitkä Marssi 3B-kantoraketilla.
EXOPLANEETAT ja TÄHTISUMUT KOHTEENA
"Checkmate satellite" refers to the CHECKMATE Transport Layer satellites, a set of experimental military satellites developed by the U.S. Space Development Agency (SDA) for its National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA). Launched on April 2, 2023, these satellites are part of a constellation designed to connect other satellites and the warfighter, forming a key component of the Department of Defense's Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) system.
Purpose and Function
Data Relay and Connectivity:
The CHECKMATE satellites serve as a transport layer, creating a space network to link various satellites and provide critical data to the warfighter.
Missile Detection:
Other CHECKMATE-named satellites are also part of a system to detect and track ballistic and hypersonic missiles.
Enabling JADC2:
They are designed to support the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) initiative, which aims to connect all military assets and provide them with real-time information.
Key Details
Launch:
The satellites were launched on April 2, 2023, from the Air Force Western Test Range by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
Owner/Operator:
The Space Development Agency (SDA) is the owner and operator of the CHECKMATE satellites.
Classification:
They are classified as Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
Contractors:
York Space Systems was a contractor that built A-class and B-class versions of these Transport Layer satellites.
Is there life on Kepler planets?
We don't know whether life exists on Kepler-452b, but we do know that it has some things in common with the Earth. For instance, Kepler-452b takes 385 Earth days to complete its orbit around its star, which is only a bit longer than one Earth year.
"Kepler planets" refers to exoplanets discovered by NASA's Kepler space telescope, which revolutionized our understanding of planets beyond our solar system. Launched in 2009, Kepler detected thousands of planets, including Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of their stars, revealing that rocky planets are common in the Milky Way and inspiring the search for potentially life-supporting worlds.
How Kepler Discovered Planets
Transit Method:
Kepler primarily used the transit method, observing stars for small, periodic dips in brightness caused by a planet passing in front of them.
Data Analysis:
The telescope collected data on over half a million stars, and Kepler's follow-up observations and public data have led to the detection of thousands of confirmed planets and candidate planets.
Key Findings and Legacy
Ubiquity of Planets:
Kepler revealed that planets are incredibly common in our galaxy, with studies suggesting that a significant percentage of stars host small, rocky planets.
Earth-Sized Planets:
It identified numerous Earth-sized planets, including those located in the habitable zone of their stars, where temperatures could allow for liquid water on their surface.
Diversity of Planets:
Kepler discovered a wide variety of planets, such as hot Jupiters, super-Earths, and circumbinary planets (those orbiting two stars).
Potential Habitability:
Many of its discoveries are considered promising candidates for potential life, as they reside in the habitable zones of their parent stars.
Notable Kepler Planets
Kepler-186f: The first potentially habitable Earth-sized planet discovered in the habitable zone of another star.
Kepler-22b: A "water world" potentially covered in a vast ocean, also found in its star's habitable zone.
Kepler-62f: Another exoplanet considered a good candidate for potential habitability.
The K2 Mission
After its main mission, Kepler began its K2 mission, which extended its exoplanet hunting to new areas of the sky, continuing its legacy of discovery.
SATELLIITIT NÄKYVIIN IKONEILLA JA NIMILLÄ!!
Kosmos-2563 is the designation for the sixth EKS (Edinaya Kosmicheskaya Sistema) or Tundra satellite, launched by Russia on November 2, 2022, on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. As part of the EKS/Kupol early-warning system, it is believed to be a missile surveillance satellite designed to detect missile launches.
The Iridium GO! exec's data prices and bandwidth are still a long way from those offered by Elon Musk's Starlink service, which provides full broadband data speeds of up to 50-250Mbps (thanks to using thousands of low orbiting, low latency satellites).
DELTA 1 R/B satellite" is not a single satellite but a category of rocket bodies, specifically the first stage booster from Delta 1 launch vehicles, which became space debris after launches from the 1960s to the 1980s. Different DELTA 1 R/B objects have been assigned unique NORAD IDs (e.g., 4322, 20323) and are tracked as separate pieces of orbital debris, with some dating back to the 1970s and others originating from earlier or later launches.
The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) (Japanese: 準天頂衛星システム, Hepburn: juntenchō eisei shisutemu), also known as Michibiki (みちびき, "guidance"), is a regional navigation satellite system (RNSS) and a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) developed by the Japanese government to enhance the United States-operated Global Positioning System (GPS) in the Asia-Oceania regions, with a focus on Japan. The goal of QZSS is to provide highly precise and stable positioning services in the Asia-Oceania region, compatible with GPS. Four-satellite QZSS services were available on a trial basis as of 12 January 2018, and officially started on 1 November 2018. A satellite navigation system independent of GPS is planned for 2023 with seven satellites. In May 2023 it was announced that the system would expand to eleven satellites.
"Gorizont satellite" voi viitata kahteen eri satelliittiin: historialliseen neuvostoliittolaiseen geosynkronisten tietoliikennesatelliittien sarjaan, joka laukaistiin vuosina 1978–2000, tai hiljattain palautuneeseen, opiskelijoiden kehittämään tiede- ja koulutussatelliittiin, joka laukaistiin 29. marraskuuta 2024 osana "Space-π"-projektia.
The Molniya (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] ⓘ, "Lightning") series satellites were military and communications satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1965 to 1991, and by the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2004. These satellites used highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, which have a long dwell time over high latitudes. They are suited for communications purposes in polar regions, in the same way that geostationary satellites are used for equatorial regions.
There were 164 Molniya satellites launched, all in Molniya orbits with the exception of Molniya 1S which was launched into geostationary orbit for testing purposes.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, enabled by the high angular resolution of its mirrors. Since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs the vast majority of X-rays, they are not detectable from Earth-based telescopes; therefore space-based telescopes are required to make these observations. Chandra is an Earth satellite in a 64-hour orbit, and its mission is ongoing as of 2025. Chandra is one of the Great Observatories, along with the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1991–2000), and the Spitzer Space Telescope (2003–2020). The telescope is named after the Nobel Prize-winning Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Its mission is similar to that of ESA's XMM-Newton spacecraft, also launched in 1999 but the two telescopes have different design foci, as Chandra has a much higher angular resolution and XMM-Newton higher spectroscopy throughput.
Tianhe (Chinese: 天和; pinyin: Tiānhé; lit. 'Harmony of the Heavens'), officially the Tianhe core module (Chinese: 天和核心舱), is the first module to launch of the Tiangong space station. It was launched into orbit on 29 April 2021, as the first launch of the final phase of Tiangong program, part of the China Manned Space Program (Project 921).
Tianhe follows the earlier projects Salyut, Skylab, Mir, International Space Station, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 space stations. It is the first module of a third-generation Chinese modular space station. Other examples of modular station projects include the Soviet/Russian Mir and the International Space Station. Operations will be controlled from the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.
In 2018, a fullscale mockup of Tianhe was publicly presented at China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai. In October 2020, China selected 18 new astronauts ahead of the space station construction to participate in the country's space station project.
DSN-2, also known as Kirameki-2, is a Japanese geostationary communication satellite launched in 2017 for military use by the Japanese Ministry of Defense via a pure X-band transceiver. Operated by DSN Corporation, a joint venture, it provides military communication services and is designed for at least a fifteen-year service life.
USA 278 is a United States intelligence satellite, officially known as Trumpet 7, launched on September 24, 2017, as part of the NROL-42 mission aboard an Atlas V rocket. It serves as an electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) reconnaissance satellite for the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and may also carry a missile early warning payload.
The Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS; formerly SBIRS-Low) was a pair of satellites developed by the United States Missile Defense Agency (MDA) to research the space-based detection and tracking of ballistic missiles. Data from STSS satellites could allow interceptors to engage incoming missiles earlier in flight than would be possible with other missile detection systems. The STSS program began in 2001, when the "SBIRS Low" program was transferred to MDA from the United States Air Force. In December 2002, SBIRS Low Research & Development (SBIRS Low R&D) was renamed Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS).
TRUMPET (also known as JEROBOAM and called Advanced Jumpseat by some observers) is reportedly a series of ELINT reconnaissance satellites launched by the United States during the 1990s to replace the Jumpseat satellites. Speculated to weigh 5,200 kg, three of these satellites were launched into highly elliptical (Molniya) orbits by Titan 4 launch vehicles from Cape Canaveral between 1994 and 1997. Their precise mission and capabilities are classified. News reports state that the satellites monitor radio communication using antennas with diameters of 150 m. It is speculated that the satellites are manufactured by Boeing.
The Global Geospace Science (GGS) Polar satellite was a NASA science spacecraft designed to study the polar magnetosphere and aurorae. It was launched into orbit in February 1996, and continued operations until the program was terminated in April 2008. The spacecraft remains in orbit, though it is now inactive. Polar is the sister ship to GGS Wind.
RANDEV is an earth observation 3U CubeSat designed by the Aerospace Systems and Control Laboratory of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (ASCL, KAIST).
The Mentor satellites (name has been reported, but is not confirmed), which are generally known as 'Advanced Orion'), are geostationary signals intelligence satellites, which replaced the Magnum / Orion series.
NROL-15 is a classified mission for the National Reconnaissance Office.
Orion, also known as Mentor or Advanced Orion, is a class of United States spy satellites that collect signals intelligence (SIGINT) from space. Operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and developed with input from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), eight have been launched from Cape Canaveral on Titan IV and Delta IV launch vehicles since 1995.
The Space Engineering EDucation Satellite 2 (SEEDS-2) is a Japanese amateur CubeSat picosatellite, built and operated by Nihon University. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, aboard a PSLV rocket, on 28 April 2008. It was built to replace the SEEDS satellite, which was lost in a launch failure on a Dnepr rocket in July 2006.
It carries a number of sensors to investigate the environment of space, and its own status. It also contains a voice transmitter, intended to play back messages to amateur radio operators
The U.S. Navy began replacing and upgrading its ultra-high frequency (UHF) satellite communications network during the 1990s with a constellation of customized satellites built by Hughes Space and Communications Company. Known as the UFO (Ultra High Frequency Follow On) series, these HS-601 model satellites support the Navy's global communications network, serving ships at sea and a variety of other U.S. military fixed and mobile terminals. They are compatible with ground- and sea-based terminals already in service. The UHF Follow-On satellites replace the Fleet Satellite Communications (FLTSATCOM) and the Hughes-built Leasat spacecraft.
WorldView-1 (WV 1) is a commercial Earth observation satellite owned by DigitalGlobe. WorldView-1 was launched on 18 September 2007, followed later by the WorldView-2 in 2009. First imagery from WorldView-1 was available in October 2007, prior to the six-year anniversary of the launch of QuickBird, DigitalGlobe's previous satellite.
WorldView-1 was partially financed through an agreement with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Some of the imagery captured by WorldView-1 for the NGA is not available to the general public. However, WorldView-1 freed capacity on DigitalGlobe's QuickBird satellite to meet the growing commercial demand for multi-spectral geospatial imagery.
AEROCUBE 4.5A (NORAD ID 38767U) is a satellite launched in 2012, designated as 2012-048K, that completes one orbit of the Earth in approximately 93.7 minutes. This CubeSat can be tracked using its NORAD ID on various satellite tracking websites.
Yksityiskohdat elokuvasta:
Kuvitteellinen paikka: Elokuvassa kuoleva Arquilian, Gentle Rosenburg, kertoo agentti J:lle, että Arquilian galaksi sijaitsee Orionin vyössä.
Yllättävä paljastus: Aluksi agentti J ja hänen kollegansa ihmettelevät, miten suuri galaksi voisi mahtua kolmeen tähteen.
Loppuratkaisu: Agentti J ymmärtää, että galaksi on pieni ja se löytyy lopulta hänen kissansa, Orionin, kaulapannasta.
Purpose: To monitor the entire Earth system—atmosphere, land, ice, and oceans—and provide data for scientific research on climate change.
Launch: March 1, 2002, from French Guiana on an Ariane-5 rocket.
Duration: The mission lasted for 10 years, completing more than 50,000 orbits.
End of Mission: Contact was unexpectedly lost on April 8, 2012, with the mission formally declared over on May 9, 2012.
Legacy: The archived data from the 10-year mission continues to be used for scientific study.
Found near Taurus constellation https://oneweb.net/
OneWeb is a satellite constellation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, now operated by the Eutelsat Group, that provides high-speed, low-latency broadband internet to global users, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The system uses a network of small, mass-produced satellites, manufactured by a joint venture between Airbus and OneWeb, in orbits about 1,200 km high. OneWeb's goal is to bridge the digital divide by offering reliable internet for various applications, including education, telemedicine, and enterprise, through a combination of its constellation and user terminals.Key Features
LEO Constellation:
OneWeb consists of a large constellation of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which allows for lower latency compared to traditional geostationary satellites.
Global Coverage:
The system is designed to provide global internet access, filling gaps in areas with limited or no terrestrial internet infrastructure.
High-Speed, Low-Latency:
The LEO architecture enables high-speed data transmission with low latency, suitable for real-time applications and demanding digital services.
User Terminals:
Customers use user terminals, or dishes, to connect to the satellite network.
Applications:
OneWeb supports a wide range of applications, such as:Enterprise: Connecting remote offices and supporting mobile workforces.
Government: Facilitating critical operations, including disaster relief.
Aeronautical & Maritime: Providing high-speed internet to aircraft and ships.
Consumer: Bringing broadband to individuals and communities.
Technical Details
Altitude: The satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately 1,200 kilometers (750 miles).
Launch: The constellation was built through a series of launches using various rockets, including Soyuz, Arianespace, and SpaceX's Falcon 9, after which OneWeb resumed launches using Indian LVM3 rockets and SpaceX's Falcon 9.
Frequencies: The satellites transmit and receive in the Ku-band radio frequency.
LEO Constellation:
OneWeb consists of a large constellation of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which allows for lower latency compared to traditional geostationary satellites.
Global Coverage:
The system is designed to provide global internet access, filling gaps in areas with limited or no terrestrial internet infrastructure.
High-Speed, Low-Latency:
The LEO architecture enables high-speed data transmission with low latency, suitable for real-time applications and demanding digital services.
User Terminals:
Customers use user terminals, or dishes, to connect to the satellite network.
Applications:
OneWeb supports a wide range of applications, such as:Enterprise: Connecting remote offices and supporting mobile workforces.
Government: Facilitating critical operations, including disaster relief.
Aeronautical & Maritime: Providing high-speed internet to aircraft and ships.
Consumer: Bringing broadband to individuals and communities.
Technical Details
Altitude: The satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately 1,200 kilometers (750 miles).
Launch: The constellation was built through a series of launches using various rockets, including Soyuz, Arianespace, and SpaceX's Falcon 9, after which OneWeb resumed launches using Indian LVM3 rockets and SpaceX's Falcon 9.
Frequencies: The satellites transmit and receive in the Ku-band radio frequency.
Nauka-moduulin tarkoitukset ja ominaisuudet:
Laboratorio: Se tarjoaa uusia tutkimusmahdollisuuksia avaruudessa.
Telakointiportti: Se toimii telakointipaikkana tulevaisuuden avaruusaluksille.
Avaruuskävelyiden ilmastointi: Se sisältää ilmapainekammion, joka on välttämätön avaruuskävelyitä varten.
Laajennetut tilat: Moduuli sisältää lisätiloja, elintilaa yhdelle venäläiselle astronautille ja toisen wc:n, mikä parantaa miehistön mukavuutta ja toimintakykyä.
Elinolosuhteiden parantaminen: Se sisältää lisäkapasiteettia hapentuotantoon ja virtsan kierrätykseen.
Lyhyt historia:
Laukaisu: Nauka laukaistiin 21. heinäkuuta 2021 Baikonurista.
Telakointi: Se liittyi ISS:ään 29. heinäkuuta 2021.
Varoittava tapahtuma: Telakoinnin jälkeen Nauka-moduulin moottorit käynnistyivät odottamatta, mikä aiheutti ISS:n pyörimisen ja johti lähes aseman tuhoon.
Chinasat on kiinalaisen China Satellite Communication Corporationin (ChinaSatcom) operoima tietoliikennesatelliitti. Yhtiöllä on vuonna 2007 käytössään kymmenen satelliittia.
Zhongxing 6B (ZX 6B) eli Chinasat 6B laukaistiin heinäkuun alussa 2007 Kiinasta. Satelliitti on ranskalaisen Alcatel Alenia Space -yhtiön rakentama ja on nk. Spacebus-4000C2-satelliitti. Sen pääasiallinen tehtävä on televisio-ohjelmien välitys Kiinaan 38:lla C-kaistan lähettimellä. Se painaa 4600 kg ja tuottaa 8,7 W sähkötehoa. Sen paikka on 115,5 astetta itäistä pituutta GEO-radalla. Käyttöikä on 15 vuotta. Laukaisu tehtiin Pitkä Marssi 3B-kantoraketilla.
Purpose and Function
Data Relay and Connectivity:
The CHECKMATE satellites serve as a transport layer, creating a space network to link various satellites and provide critical data to the warfighter.
Missile Detection:
Other CHECKMATE-named satellites are also part of a system to detect and track ballistic and hypersonic missiles.
Enabling JADC2:
They are designed to support the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) initiative, which aims to connect all military assets and provide them with real-time information.
Key Details
Launch:
The satellites were launched on April 2, 2023, from the Air Force Western Test Range by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
Owner/Operator:
The Space Development Agency (SDA) is the owner and operator of the CHECKMATE satellites.
Classification:
They are classified as Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
Contractors:
York Space Systems was a contractor that built A-class and B-class versions of these Transport Layer satellites.
How many Kepler planets are there?
2,778 planets
As of June 16 2023, the Kepler space telescope and its follow-up observations have detected 2,778 planets, including hot Jupiters, super-Earths, circumbinary planets, and planets located in the circumstellar habitable zones of their host stars.
2,778 planets
As of June 16 2023, the Kepler space telescope and its follow-up observations have detected 2,778 planets, including hot Jupiters, super-Earths, circumbinary planets, and planets located in the circumstellar habitable zones of their host stars.
We don't know whether life exists on Kepler-452b, but we do know that it has some things in common with the Earth. For instance, Kepler-452b takes 385 Earth days to complete its orbit around its star, which is only a bit longer than one Earth year.
"Kepler planets" refers to exoplanets discovered by NASA's Kepler space telescope, which revolutionized our understanding of planets beyond our solar system. Launched in 2009, Kepler detected thousands of planets, including Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of their stars, revealing that rocky planets are common in the Milky Way and inspiring the search for potentially life-supporting worlds.
How Kepler Discovered Planets
Transit Method:
Kepler primarily used the transit method, observing stars for small, periodic dips in brightness caused by a planet passing in front of them.
Data Analysis:
The telescope collected data on over half a million stars, and Kepler's follow-up observations and public data have led to the detection of thousands of confirmed planets and candidate planets.
Key Findings and Legacy
Ubiquity of Planets:
Kepler revealed that planets are incredibly common in our galaxy, with studies suggesting that a significant percentage of stars host small, rocky planets.
Earth-Sized Planets:
It identified numerous Earth-sized planets, including those located in the habitable zone of their stars, where temperatures could allow for liquid water on their surface.
Diversity of Planets:
Kepler discovered a wide variety of planets, such as hot Jupiters, super-Earths, and circumbinary planets (those orbiting two stars).
Potential Habitability:
Many of its discoveries are considered promising candidates for potential life, as they reside in the habitable zones of their parent stars.
Notable Kepler Planets
Kepler-186f: The first potentially habitable Earth-sized planet discovered in the habitable zone of another star.
Kepler-22b: A "water world" potentially covered in a vast ocean, also found in its star's habitable zone.
Kepler-62f: Another exoplanet considered a good candidate for potential habitability.
The K2 Mission
After its main mission, Kepler began its K2 mission, which extended its exoplanet hunting to new areas of the sky, continuing its legacy of discovery.
Key Details
Purpose: To serve as a space-based early warning satellite for detecting missile launches.
Launch Date: November 2, 2022.
Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-2.1b rocket.
Launch Site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome.
System: It is the sixth Tundra satellite and the sixth satellite in the EKS (Unified Space System) series.
Technical Information
Orbit: The satellites are deployed on highly-elliptical orbits.
Function: The EKS system's space segment is part of Russia's early-warning system for missile attacks.
Operational Status: According to a March 2025 check, Kosmos-2563 was among the operational Tundra satellites, though the system is not yet complete.
GPS PRN 29 viittaa GPS-satelliittiin, joka käyttää satelliittitunnistetta "PRN 29" (Pseudorandom Noise) lähettääkseen omia signaalejaan. Nämä PRN-koodit ovat yksilöllisiä radiosignaaleja, jotka auttavat GPS-vastaanottimia erottamaan ja tunnistamaan yksittäisiä satelliitteja, jotta vastaanotin voi laskea tarkan sijaintinsa trilateraatiotekniikalla.
Intelsat satellites are a fleet of telecommunications satellites that provide global connectivity for broadcasting, mobile networks, governments, and inflight internet services. Originally a consortium of nations, Intelsat became a private company and a leading provider of satellite capacity, eventually being acquired by SES in 2025. The satellites deliver content to millions of households and offer high-speed internet for aircraft and ships
The Iridium satellite constellation provides L band voice and data information coverage to satellite phones, satellite messenger communication devices and integrated transceivers. Iridium Communications owns and operates the constellation, additionally selling equipment and access to its services. It was conceived by Bary Bertiger, Raymond J. Leopold and Ken Peterson in late 1987 (in 1988 protected by patents Motorola filed in their names) and then developed by Motorola on a fixed-price contract from July 29, 1993, to November 1, 1998, when the system became operational and commercially available.
The constellation consists of 66 active satellites in orbit, required for global coverage, and additional spare satellites to serve in case of failure. Satellites are placed in low Earth orbit at a height of approximately 781 kilometres (485 mi) and inclination of 86.4°. The nearly polar orbit and communication between satellites via Ka band inter-satellite links provide global service availability (including both poles, oceans and airways), regardless of the position of ground stations and gateways.
In 1999, The New York Times quoted a wireless market analyst, regarding people having "one number that they could carry with them anywhere" as "expensive... There never was a viable market."
Due to the shape of the original Iridium satellites' reflective antennas, the first generation satellites focused sunlight on a small area of the Earth surface in an incidental manner. This resulted in a phenomenon called Iridium flares, whereby the satellite momentarily appeared as one of the brightest objects in the night sky and could be seen even during daylight. Newer Iridium satellites do not produce flares.
Purpose: To serve as a space-based early warning satellite for detecting missile launches.
Launch Date: November 2, 2022.
Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-2.1b rocket.
Launch Site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome.
System: It is the sixth Tundra satellite and the sixth satellite in the EKS (Unified Space System) series.
Technical Information
Orbit: The satellites are deployed on highly-elliptical orbits.
Function: The EKS system's space segment is part of Russia's early-warning system for missile attacks.
Operational Status: According to a March 2025 check, Kosmos-2563 was among the operational Tundra satellites, though the system is not yet complete.
https://www.globalstar.com/en-us
Globalstar, Inc. is an American telecommunications company that operates a satellite constellation in low Earth orbit (LEO) for satellite phone, low-speed data transmission and Earth observation. The Globalstar second-generation constellation consists of 25 satellites.
The Iridium satellite constellation provides L band voice and data information coverage to satellite phones, satellite messenger communication devices and integrated transceivers. Iridium Communications owns and operates the constellation, additionally selling equipment and access to its services. It was conceived by Bary Bertiger, Raymond J. Leopold and Ken Peterson in late 1987 (in 1988 protected by patents Motorola filed in their names) and then developed by Motorola on a fixed-price contract from July 29, 1993, to November 1, 1998, when the system became operational and commercially available.
The constellation consists of 66 active satellites in orbit, required for global coverage, and additional spare satellites to serve in case of failure. Satellites are placed in low Earth orbit at a height of approximately 781 kilometres (485 mi) and inclination of 86.4°. The nearly polar orbit and communication between satellites via Ka band inter-satellite links provide global service availability (including both poles, oceans and airways), regardless of the position of ground stations and gateways.
In 1999, The New York Times quoted a wireless market analyst, regarding people having "one number that they could carry with them anywhere" as "expensive... There never was a viable market."
Due to the shape of the original Iridium satellites' reflective antennas, the first generation satellites focused sunlight on a small area of the Earth surface in an incidental manner. This resulted in a phenomenon called Iridium flares, whereby the satellite momentarily appeared as one of the brightest objects in the night sky and could be seen even during daylight. Newer Iridium satellites do not produce flares.
"Gorizont satellite" voi viitata kahteen eri satelliittiin: historialliseen neuvostoliittolaiseen geosynkronisten tietoliikennesatelliittien sarjaan, joka laukaistiin vuosina 1978–2000, tai hiljattain palautuneeseen, opiskelijoiden kehittämään tiede- ja koulutussatelliittiin, joka laukaistiin 29. marraskuuta 2024 osana "Space-π"-projektia.
The Molniya (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] ⓘ, "Lightning") series satellites were military and communications satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1965 to 1991, and by the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2004. These satellites used highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, which have a long dwell time over high latitudes. They are suited for communications purposes in polar regions, in the same way that geostationary satellites are used for equatorial regions.
There were 164 Molniya satellites launched, all in Molniya orbits with the exception of Molniya 1S which was launched into geostationary orbit for testing purposes.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, enabled by the high angular resolution of its mirrors. Since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs the vast majority of X-rays, they are not detectable from Earth-based telescopes; therefore space-based telescopes are required to make these observations. Chandra is an Earth satellite in a 64-hour orbit, and its mission is ongoing as of 2025. Chandra is one of the Great Observatories, along with the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1991–2000), and the Spitzer Space Telescope (2003–2020). The telescope is named after the Nobel Prize-winning Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Its mission is similar to that of ESA's XMM-Newton spacecraft, also launched in 1999 but the two telescopes have different design foci, as Chandra has a much higher angular resolution and XMM-Newton higher spectroscopy throughput.
Tianhe (Chinese: 天和; pinyin: Tiānhé; lit. 'Harmony of the Heavens'), officially the Tianhe core module (Chinese: 天和核心舱), is the first module to launch of the Tiangong space station. It was launched into orbit on 29 April 2021, as the first launch of the final phase of Tiangong program, part of the China Manned Space Program (Project 921).
Tianhe follows the earlier projects Salyut, Skylab, Mir, International Space Station, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 space stations. It is the first module of a third-generation Chinese modular space station. Other examples of modular station projects include the Soviet/Russian Mir and the International Space Station. Operations will be controlled from the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.
In 2018, a fullscale mockup of Tianhe was publicly presented at China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai. In October 2020, China selected 18 new astronauts ahead of the space station construction to participate in the country's space station project.
The Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS; formerly SBIRS-Low) was a pair of satellites developed by the United States Missile Defense Agency (MDA) to research the space-based detection and tracking of ballistic missiles. Data from STSS satellites could allow interceptors to engage incoming missiles earlier in flight than would be possible with other missile detection systems. The STSS program began in 2001, when the "SBIRS Low" program was transferred to MDA from the United States Air Force. In December 2002, SBIRS Low Research & Development (SBIRS Low R&D) was renamed Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS).
TRUMPET (also known as JEROBOAM and called Advanced Jumpseat by some observers) is reportedly a series of ELINT reconnaissance satellites launched by the United States during the 1990s to replace the Jumpseat satellites. Speculated to weigh 5,200 kg, three of these satellites were launched into highly elliptical (Molniya) orbits by Titan 4 launch vehicles from Cape Canaveral between 1994 and 1997. Their precise mission and capabilities are classified. News reports state that the satellites monitor radio communication using antennas with diameters of 150 m. It is speculated that the satellites are manufactured by Boeing.
The Global Geospace Science (GGS) Polar satellite was a NASA science spacecraft designed to study the polar magnetosphere and aurorae. It was launched into orbit in February 1996, and continued operations until the program was terminated in April 2008. The spacecraft remains in orbit, though it is now inactive. Polar is the sister ship to GGS Wind.
NROL-15 is a classified mission for the National Reconnaissance Office.
Orion, also known as Mentor or Advanced Orion, is a class of United States spy satellites that collect signals intelligence (SIGINT) from space. Operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and developed with input from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), eight have been launched from Cape Canaveral on Titan IV and Delta IV launch vehicles since 1995.
The Space Engineering EDucation Satellite 2 (SEEDS-2) is a Japanese amateur CubeSat picosatellite, built and operated by Nihon University. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, aboard a PSLV rocket, on 28 April 2008. It was built to replace the SEEDS satellite, which was lost in a launch failure on a Dnepr rocket in July 2006.
It carries a number of sensors to investigate the environment of space, and its own status. It also contains a voice transmitter, intended to play back messages to amateur radio operators
WorldView-1 (WV 1) is a commercial Earth observation satellite owned by DigitalGlobe. WorldView-1 was launched on 18 September 2007, followed later by the WorldView-2 in 2009. First imagery from WorldView-1 was available in October 2007, prior to the six-year anniversary of the launch of QuickBird, DigitalGlobe's previous satellite.
WorldView-1 was partially financed through an agreement with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Some of the imagery captured by WorldView-1 for the NGA is not available to the general public. However, WorldView-1 freed capacity on DigitalGlobe's QuickBird satellite to meet the growing commercial demand for multi-spectral geospatial imagery.
ICEYE Ltd. (natively ICEYE Oy) is a Finnish microsatellite manufacturer and operator. ICEYE was founded in 2014 and is now the world's largest synthetic aperture imaging radar constellation.
The company is originally a spin-off of Aalto University's University Radio Technology Department, and is based in Espoo. It has offices globally (Finland, Poland, Spain, the UK, and the US) and over 700 employees.
In September 2024 the company reported 2023 revenues of $100M and expanded its funding to $503M.
The CEO and co-founder of ICEYE is Rafał Modrzewski.
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